专题02 完形填空之说明文
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来说明事物、阐明事理的一种文体。它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或传递某种思想。中考中常见的说明类完形填空有自我介绍、人物介绍（传记）、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法（步骤）介绍，产品说明、新闻报道等。
Part 1考情分析
说明型完形填空选材难度一般低于试卷中的阅读理解大题。在设空与选项设计方面充分体现了语言知识运用题的要求：以实词为主，名、动、形、副等词类占全部小题数的90%，绝大多数小题都要从全文角度进行判断。说明性完形填空用言简意赅的文字，按照一定的方法介绍事物、解释事理。最显著的特点是：
1.开头点题
做说明型完形填空时，要明确说明的对象是具体实物还是理论概念。因此，明确说明的对象是掌握说明细节的前提。在说明型填空中，作者一般会在首句直接提出说明的对象。
2.结构清晰
把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明文的写作一般按时间顺序(指先后顺序)，空间顺序(从局部到整体，从上到下、从内到外)，逻辑顺序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次)；认识顺序(由此及彼，由浅入深，由具体到抽象，由现象到本质)。
Part 2解题思路
1.通过短文抓主旨
一般情况下，完形填空短文都不给标题，不容易把握文章的主题和大意。但短文首句通常不设空格，这就为我们窥视文章全貌提供了一个窗口，而尾句往往是文章的总结、结论和点睛之笔，所以抓住开篇启示作用的首句和总结概括性的尾句是必要的。
【例1】
Every language student wants to know the secret to making the post progress in the shortest time．What does the perfect learner do to better acquire a foreign language？The following are some tips which may help you （75）______your language skills．
Learn every day
Even when you are really tired，do some learning，even if it's only 5-10minutes． Never miss a chance to increase your knowledge．Use it，（76） ______lose it! Practice makes perfect．
Memorize new vocabulary
To really learn a new word，you have to remind yourself of it six times over hours，days and weeks．Write down all your new vocabulary in a little book that you can always carry around with you，or keep a （77）______in your mobile---you always have it with you，don't you？According to a recent study， 86percent of the participants believe that they are more likely to be successful in remembering new words with a vocabulary list．
Be（78）______
Don't worry about small mistakes! No one minds! When you learn new vocabulary or grammar，use it as soon as possible．If you can't use them （79）______ ，it is likely that someone will corrct you at once．Challenge yourself! Go for it!
（80）______，you can use technology to improve your English such as listening to podcasts（播客）of native speakers，reading news in the language you are learning，watching videos etc.Cheer up! You can be a perfect language learner!
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75．A．affect
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B． create
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C． improve
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D． follow
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76．A．and
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B． or
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C． but
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D． so
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77．A．diary
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B． program
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C． record
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D． promise
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78．A．serious
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B． active
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C． honest
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D． brave
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79．A．accurately
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B． freely
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C． completely
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D． easily
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80 . A .For these reasons
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B． In addition
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C．In other words
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D． In a word
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【详解】
75．C． 考查动词辨析． affect 影响； create 创造； improve提高； follow 按照，遵循． 根据题干关键句：The following are some tips which may help you 可知该句句意是： 下面的一些建议也许会帮助你"提高"你的语言技能． 又因固定搭配： help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事． 所以该空填动词原形． 结合选项可知improve your language skills提高你的语言技能， 符合题意， 故选C．
76．B． 考查连词． and和； or 或者，否则； but 但是； so 因此． 根据题干可知谚语： use it or lost it! 非用即失! 用连词or表否则．所以该句选B．
