话题15 自然、世界与环境(大自然)
主题语篇阅读
Ⅰ.完形填空
For thousands of years, people farmed the land. They grew fruits and vegetables. They hunted and fished for meat. They 1 cloth, dyes(染料) and paper from plants. They used stone and metal for weapons and tools.
People progressed to making machines powered by water and steam(蒸汽), and even later, by coal, oil, and petrol. Large cities were built. Factories 2 of machines created jobs in the cities for thousands of people. The Industrial Revolution(工业革命) changed the lives of many people because, for the first time, more people lived in cities than on 3 .
Companies built power plants(工厂) to make 4 to run the machines, factories and cities.
People did not realize these activities were 5 the Earth. They didn’t realize how 6 oil, gas, coal and minerals were being used up. As cities grew bigger and spread across the land, plants and animals began to disappear. Their nature homes were destroyed(破坏)as people moved into new places.
As time passed, people began to 7 the need to protect the Earth and its natural resources(资源). They saw that plants and animals needed protection, so they wouldn’t disappear forever. People joined together to tell 8 around the world to conserve(节约)our natural resources and care for the Earth. And so, Earth Day was born. Each year more and more people take part in Earth Day. What can you do to help?
( )1.A.separated B.washedC.made D.mixed
( )2.A.full B.proud C.sick D.short
( )3.A.mountains B.rivers C.grasslands D.farms
( )4.A.metal B.water C.electricity D.oil
( )5.A.helping B.harming C.wasting D.losing
( )6.A. clearly B.hardly C.quickly D.slowly
( )7.A.forget B.see C.remember D.get
( )8.A.them B.other C.another D.others
Ⅱ.[2019·门头沟一模] 阅读理解
How Do Animals Spend the Winter?
The weather gets colder, days get shorter and leaves turn color and fall off the trees. Soon, winter is here. Snow covers the ground. People live in warm houses and wear heavy coats outside. Our food comes from shops or supermarkets. But what about animals?
Animals do many different, amazing things to get through the winter. Some of them migrate. This means they travel to other places where the weather is warmer or they can find food.
Birds can fly very long distances. For example, the Arctic tern nests(筑巢) close to the North Pole in summer. In autumn, it flies south all the way to Antarctica. Each spring it returns north again. Most migrating birds travel shorter distances. But how do they find their way to the same place each year? Birds seem to use the sun, the moon and stars for directions.
How do they know when it is time to leave for the winter? Scientists are still studying this. Many see migration as part of a yearly cycle(周期) of changes a bird goes through. The cycle is controlled by changes in the amount(量) of daylight and the weather.
Some animals remain and stay active in winter. They must adapt(适应) to the changing weather. Many make changes in their behavior or bodies. To keep warm, animals may grow new, thicker fur in autumn. On snowshoe rabbits, the new fur is white to help them hide in the snow. Food is hard to find in winter. Some animals, like mice, gather extra food in autumn and store it to eat later. Some, like rabbits and deer, spend winter looking for leaves to eat. Animals may find winter shelter in holes in trees or logs, under rocks or leaves, or underground. Some mice even build tunnels through the snow.
Some animals sleep for part or all of the winter. It is a special, very deep sleep called hibernation. The animal’s body temperature drops, and its heartbeat and breathing slow down. It uses very little energy. So it needs little or no food. In autumn, these animals get ready for winter by eating extra food and storing it as body fat. They use this fat for energy while hibernating.
