阅读理解(五) 人造肉+如何决定+网络真假
A [2019·门头沟二模]
The UK should start producing lab-grown meat to help solve the world’s food crisis (危机), according to a research group. A report by the Adam Smith Institute says meat made in a laboratory is better for the environment and would be cheaper than meat produced from farm animals.
Need for meat around the world is expected to increase by 70% by the year 2050. So could people be eating lab-grown meat in the future? Usually animals like cows are killed to produce the meat that people eat, but scientists have found a way to make meat in a laboratory without killing any animals.
Animals are made up of cells (细胞). Scientists worked out how to take cells from an animal, like a cow, and multiply (繁殖) them in a dish. In the end from one tiny cell, tens of billions of cells can be grown. These join together to form meat.
In 2013, the first hamburger grown this way was eaten in London. It took a year to produce and cost over ￡200,000 to make. Dr Mark Post, who created the world’s first hamburger from meat grown in a lab, told the BBC it “tastes exactly the same as the meat we know”. When two food critics(评论家) tried the burger in 2013, one said it was “close to meat” and another said it tasted like a real hamburger. It’s not just beef that is being created; companies are also working on other meat like turkey and chicken.
The Adam Smith Institute says moving away from the present way meat is produced would help reduce greenhouse emissions(排放) by up to 96% and free up 99% of the land used in farming worldwide. They also think it will reduce chances of food poisoning(中毒) because the meat is grown under such controlled conditions. Jamie Hollywood from the Adam Smith Institute also told the BBC lab-grown meat could be a lot cheaper. He says the price has gone down in five years from ￡200,000 to ￡8, so in the future it could be even less.
1.The main idea of Paragraph 3 is . ( )
A.what lab-grown meat is
B.how lab-grown meat is made
C.what lab-grown meat tastes like
D.when people can eat lab-grown meat
2.The writer mentions two food critics in Paragraph 4 to show that . ( )
A.lab-grown meat is cheaper
B.chicken can be made in the lab
C.lab-grown meat tastes similar to animals’ meat
D.English people first tasted lab-grown meat
3.The writer probably agrees that . ( )
A.lab-grown meat will cause a lot of problems
B.lab-grown meat tastes better than animals’ meat
C.making lab-grown meat will cost too much money
D.lab-grown meat can help solve the world’s food crisis
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? ( )
A.Could lab-grown meat be the future of food?
B.What does lab-grown meat taste like?
C.When could people eat lab-grown meat?
D.What is lab-grown meat and how is it made?
B [2019·东城一模]
I recently spent an evening trying to choose a cup on Amazon. Nearly an hour later, after having read countless reviews about dozens of kinds, I felt tired and simply gave up. The next day, I happily bought the only kind the local store offered.
Too many choices make us tired and unhappy and lead us to avoid making a decision sometimes. Researcher Barry Schwartz calls this “choice overload”. “As the number of options(可选择的事物) increases, the costs in time and effort of collecting the information needed to make a good choice also increase,” writes Schwartz. “The level of certainty people have about their choice decreases. And the possibility that they will regret their choice increases.”
Understanding how and why we make decisions can perhaps help us make better choices. We make poorer decisions when we are tired. The mind can only deal with so many options and make so many choices before it starts to lose energy. That’s why buys like candy bars and magazines at the checkout(付款处) in the store can be hard to resist. We’ve used up all our good decision-making skills.
