Module 6 Eating together
模块语法专练
被动语态
英语中有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
1.构成规则。
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时态
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结构
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一般现在时
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am/is/are+动词的过去分词
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一般过去时
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was/were+动词的过去分词
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一般将来时
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shall/will/be going to+be+动词的过去分词
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现在完成时
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has/have+been+动词的过去分词
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含有情态动词的被动语态
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情态动词+be+动词的过去分词
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2.被动语态与主动语态相互转换的注意事项。
(1)分清动作的执行者和承受者,即分清主动语态和被动语态。如果为被动语态,按照不同时态的被动语态规则进行变化。例如:
We heard a strange noise yesterday evening.昨天晚上我们听到了一个奇怪的声音。(主动语态)
A strange noise was heard(by us) yesterday evening.昨天晚上一个奇怪的声音被(我们)听到了。(被动语态,hear为及物动词)
(2)通常只有及物动词才有被动语态,但一些不及物动词加上介词或副词构成动词短语后也可有被动语态,此时该动词短语不可分割,我们不能丢掉后面的介词或副词。
(3)主动语态中使役动词make,let,have等和感官动词see,feel,hear等后常接不带to的不定式,但在被动语态中,常将to还原。例如:
The boss made the children work over twelve hours every day in the past.在过去,老板让孩子们每天工作超过12个小时。(主动语态)
The children were made to work over twelve hours every day (by the boss) in the past.在过去,孩子们被(老板)要求每天工作超过12个小时。(被动语态)
(4)带双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时,可将其中的一个宾语变为被动语态的主语,另一个不变。一般是把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语,如把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语,则在间接宾语前加介词for或者to。例如:
我的妈妈在我10岁生日那天送了我一件礼物。
My mother gave me a present on my tenth birthday.(主动语态)
I was given a present by my mother on my tenth birthday.(被动语态,间接宾语作主语)
A present was given to me by my mother on my tenth birthday.(被动语态,直接宾语作主语)
Ⅰ.单项填空
(B)1.Look at our new school.It last year.
A.built B.was built
C.is built D.will be built
(D)2.Justin is very surprised that all the houses in the village white.
A.paint B.painted
C.are painting D.are painted
(C)3.In order to make our city more beautiful,more trees and flowers every year.
A.will plant B.should plant
C.should be planted D.plant
(A)4.— free breakfasts in all schools in China?
—No,not yet.Only in the rural areas.
A.Are;served B.Do;serve
C.Are;made D.Do;make
